TIMELINE

1998

The first Rocky Reef Monitoring campaign was launched under the leadership of Scripps Institution of Oceanography and with the collaboration of the UABCS.

2002

An evaluation of rocky reefs in the Gulf of California is carried out and a proposal to create a network of 13 marine reserves is published.

2006

Researchers travel to the Revillagigedo Islands on board the Nautilus Explorer to monitor the reefs and establish an ecological baseline for the archipelago.

2009

Cientists estimate that fish biomas in Cabo Pulmo National Park increased 463% in 10 years.

2010

The CBMC, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC Riverside and UABCS travelled to Islas Marías on board the Rocío del Mar from November 13-23.

2011

A list of 70 conspicuous reef fish species observed at 15 sites in Bahía de los Ángeles from 2008 to 2010 is presented.

2014

The GCMP published the monitoring protocol used by scientists to study rocky reefs.

2014

The GCMP launched dataMares to promote open access data, generated through the monitoring program.

2016

Under the leadership of the CBMC, scientists travelled to Revillagigedo to monitor reefs from March 30 to April 8.

2017

After visiting the Revillagigedo islands on the Sea Hunter, a multinational team of scientists published a report that supported a change in category for this MPA to National Park.

2018

CBMC and Scripps Institution of Oceanography scientists visit Islas Marías once again to monitor the reefs.

2019

The CBMC, SIO, Pristine Seas, Mares Mexicanos, ECOSUR, UADY and the Universidad Veracruzana visited Arrecife Alacranes on the Caribbean Kraken from August 7-11.

2019

Data is handed over to PN Bahía de Loreto (CONANP), and the CBMC participates in the review process of the management program.

2020

Restrictions associated to the COVID-19 pandemic limits scientific work. Monitoring was only conducted at Cabo Pulmo National Park.

2020

CBMC delivers data collected at PN Arrecife Alacranes and Bajos del Norte to CONANP.

2020

An analysis comparing reef biomass in Alacranes and Bajos del Norte is published, showing that geographic isolation is not sufficient to maintain healthy biomass levels.

2021

Three new species of the genus Leptogorgia are described in the Gulf of California.

2021

Data is handed over to RB Islas Marías (CONANP), and CBMC participates in the management program’s review process.

2021

Data is handed over to RB Islas Marías (CONANP), and CBMC participates in the management program’s review process.

2021

The CBMC coordinated a research team with scientists from Scripps Institution of Oceanography and UNAM’s Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICMyL) during a monitoring trip to Banco Chinchorro from June 28 through July 8.

2022

CBMC conducted monitoring in 76 sites between September and October.

2022

A scientific publication shows the effect of tropicalization on rocky reefs in the Gulf of California.

2023

To celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the reef monitoring program, scientists and photographers recreated the original scientific campaign aboard the Quino El Guardián.

NUMERALIA:

RECORDS IN
THE DATABASE

NÚMERO DE
REGISTROS

SPECIES
RECORDED

NÚMERO
DE ESPECIES

ORGANISMS COUNTED
AND MEASURED

NÚMERO DE INDIVIDUOS
CONTADOS Y MEDIDOS

TRANSECTS
COMPLETED

NÚMERO DE
TRANSECTOS

HOURS SPENT
UNDERWATER

NÚMERO DE HORAS
BAJO EL AGUA

RICHNESS TOTAL

188 INVERTEBRATES
AND FISHES

THE VALUE OF ROCKY REEFS

In addition to their biological and ecological importance, rocky reefs provide ecosystem services that benefit other ecosystems, species and humans that depend on them.

REVIEW THE METADATA

REQUEST DATA

SOURCES

• Aburto-Oropeza O, Erisman B, Galland GR, Mascareñas-Osorio I, Sala E, Ezcurra E (2011) Large Recovery of Fish Biomass in a No-Take Marine Reserve. PLoS ONE 6(8): e23601.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023601

• Aburto-Oropeza, O. E. Ezcurra, J. Moxley, A. Sánchez-Rodríguez, I. Mascareñas-Osorio, C. Sánchez- Ortiz, B. Erisman and T. Ricketts. (2015). A framework to assess the health of rocky reefs linking geomorphology, community assemblage, and fish biomass. Ecological Indicators. Volume 52: 353-361.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.12.006

• Aburto Oropeza, O., C. Margarita, B. Erisman, E. Ezcurra. (2017). Bitácora del mar profundo una expedición por el Golfo de California.

• Aburto-Oropeza O, Favoretto F. (2024). Beyond COVID-19: ecotourism's role in ocean conservation targets. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.

https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2712

• Dennis, L.E., F. Favoretto, E.F. Balart, A. Munguía-Vega, C. Sánchez, D.A. Paz-García. (2024) Isolation by disturbance: a pattern of genetic structure of the coral Pocillopora grandis in the Gulf of California. Marine Ecology Progress Series DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14553

• Erisman, B. G.R. Galland, I. Mascarenas, J Moxley. (2011). List of coastal fishes of Islas Marías archipelago, Mexico, with comments on taxonomic composition, biogeography, and abundance. Zootaxa. Vol. 2985 No. 1:4.

https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2985.1.2

• Favoretto, F., I. Mascareñas-Osorio, L. León-Deniz, C. González-Salas, H. Pérez-España, M. Rivera- Higueras, M.A. Ruiz-Zárate, A. Vega-Zepeda, H. Villegas-Hernández, and O. Aburto-Oropeza. (2020). Being isolated and protected is better than just being isolated: a case study from the Alacranes Reef, Mexico. Frontiers in Marine Science 7, 2020: 896.

• Favoretto, F., C. Sánchez, O. Aburto-Oropeza. (2022). Warming and marine heatwaves tropicalize rocky reefs communities in the Gulf of California. Progress in Oceanography. Volume 206: 102838.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.583056

• Hernández, O., J. Gomez-Gutiérrez, and C. Sánchez. (2021). Three new species of the sea fan genus Leptogorgia (Octocorallia, Gorgoniidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico. ZooKeys 1017 (2021):1.

• Mascareñas-Osorio, I., B. Erisman, J. Moxley, E. Balart, O. Aburto-Oropeza. (2011). Checklist of conspicuous reef fishes of the Bahía de los Ángeles region, Baja California Norte, Mexico, with comments on abundance and ecological biogeography. Zootaxa. Issue: Vol. 2922 No. 1. DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.2922.1.7

• Rodriguez, A. S, Báez, M. M, Aburto-Oropeza, O., Arango, G. H, Masacareñas-Osorio, I., & Erisman, B. (2014). Protocolo de Monitoreo: Para Ambientes Marinos Costeros. UC San Diego: Aburto Lab.

https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23f1404c

• Sala, E., O. Aburto-Oropeza, G. Paredes, I. Parra, J.C. Barrera, P.K. Dayton. (2002) A general model for designing networks of marine reserves. Science 298 (5600), 1991-1993. DOI:10.1126/science.107528

• Sala, E., O. Aburto-Oropeza, M. Reza, G. Paredes. L.G. López-Lemus. (2004). Fishing down coastal food webs in the Gulf of California. Fisheries. Volume29, Issue3. Pages 19-25.

https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2004)29[19:FDCFWI]2.0.CO;2

• Sánchez-Rodríguez, A., Aburto-Oropeza, O., Erisman, B., Jiménez-Esquivel, V.M., Hinojosa-Arango, G. (2015). Rocky Reefs: Preserving Biodiversity for the Benefit of the Communities in the Aquarium of the World. In: Narchi, N., Price, L. (eds) Ethnobiology of Corals and Coral Reefs. Ethnobiology. Springer, Cham.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23763-3_11

• Ulate, K., T. Alcoverro, R. Arthur, O. Aburto-Oropeza, C. Sánchez, and L. Huato-Soberanis. (2018). Conventional MPAs are not as effective as community co-managed areas in conserving top- down control in the Gulf of California. Biological Conservation 228 (2018): 100-109.

• Vergneau-Grosset, C., R. Boudreau, F. Favoretto, G. Beauchamp, AJ. Chicoine, C. Sánchez and M.Y. Doucet. (2022). Occurrence of Ulcerative Lesions in Sea Stars (Asteroidea) of the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico. The Journal of Wildlife Diseases 58, no. 1 2022: 215-221.

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Fisheries

Many of the species targeted by fishing fleets need rocky reefs at some point during their life cycle. Rocky reefs are important sites for spawning aggregations, they are critical habitats for juveniles and are feeding sites for many other species.

YOU MIGHT LIKE

FISHERIES IN MEXICO

Tourism

Rocky reefs are priority areas for the diving industry. Scientists estimated that Mexico’s diving industry generated approximately 725 MDD per year.

YOU MIGHT LIKE

DIVE ATLAS

Storm protection

Shallow reefs, usually located near the coast, form barriers that absorb most of the energy from the waves and water surge during storms and hurricanes.

Carbon sequestration

Some species that live on rocky reefs, like corals, mollusks that form shells and even algae, help remove dissolved carbon from the water by absorbing it and forming calcareous structures.

YOU MIGHT LIKE

dataGraphic Blue Carbon

CONSULTA LOS METADATOS

SOLICITA DATOS

REFERENCIAS

• Aburto-Oropeza O, Erisman B, Galland GR, Mascareñas-Osorio I, Sala E, Ezcurra E (2011) Large Recovery of Fish Biomass in a No-Take Marine Reserve. PLoS ONE 6(8): e23601.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023601

• Aburto-Oropeza, O. E. Ezcurra, J. Moxley, A. Sánchez-Rodríguez, I. Mascareñas-Osorio, C. Sánchez- Ortiz, B. Erisman and T. Ricketts. (2015). A framework to assess the health of rocky reefs linking geomorphology, community assemblage, and fish biomass. Ecological Indicators. Volume 52: 353-361.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.12.006

• Aburto Oropeza, O., C. Margarita, B. Erisman, E. Ezcurra. (2017). Bitácora del mar profundo una expedición por el Golfo de California.

• Aburto-Oropeza O, Favoretto F. (2024). Beyond COVID-19: ecotourism's role in ocean conservation targets. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.

https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2712

• Dennis, L.E., F. Favoretto, E.F. Balart, A. Munguía-Vega, C. Sánchez, D.A. Paz-García. (2024) Isolation by disturbance: a pattern of genetic structure of the coral Pocillopora grandis in the Gulf of California. Marine Ecology Progress Series DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14553

• Erisman, B. G.R. Galland, I. Mascarenas, J Moxley. (2011). List of coastal fishes of Islas Marías archipelago, Mexico, with comments on taxonomic composition, biogeography, and abundance. Zootaxa. Vol. 2985 No. 1:4.

https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2985.1.2

• Favoretto, F., I. Mascareñas-Osorio, L. León-Deniz, C. González-Salas, H. Pérez-España, M. Rivera- Higueras, M.A. Ruiz-Zárate, A. Vega-Zepeda, H. Villegas-Hernández, and O. Aburto-Oropeza. (2020). Being isolated and protected is better than just being isolated: a case study from the Alacranes Reef, Mexico. Frontiers in Marine Science 7, 2020: 896.

• Favoretto, F., C. Sánchez, O. Aburto-Oropeza. (2022). Warming and marine heatwaves tropicalize rocky reefs communities in the Gulf of California. Progress in Oceanography. Volume 206: 102838.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.583056

• Hernández, O., J. Gomez-Gutiérrez, and C. Sánchez. (2021). Three new species of the sea fan genus Leptogorgia (Octocorallia, Gorgoniidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico. ZooKeys 1017 (2021):1.

• Mascareñas-Osorio, I., B. Erisman, J. Moxley, E. Balart, O. Aburto-Oropeza. (2011). Checklist of conspicuous reef fishes of the Bahía de los Ángeles region, Baja California Norte, Mexico, with comments on abundance and ecological biogeography. Zootaxa. Issue: Vol. 2922 No. 1. DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.2922.1.7

• Rodriguez, A. S, Báez, M. M, Aburto-Oropeza, O., Arango, G. H, Masacareñas-Osorio, I., & Erisman, B. (2014). Protocolo de Monitoreo: Para Ambientes Marinos Costeros. UC San Diego: Aburto Lab.

https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23f1404c

• Sala, E., O. Aburto-Oropeza, G. Paredes, I. Parra, J.C. Barrera, P.K. Dayton. (2002) A general model for designing networks of marine reserves. Science 298 (5600), 1991-1993. DOI:10.1126/science.107528

• Sala, E., O. Aburto-Oropeza, M. Reza, G. Paredes. L.G. López-Lemus. (2004). Fishing down coastal food webs in the Gulf of California. Fisheries. Volume29, Issue3. Pages 19-25.

https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2004)29[19:FDCFWI]2.0.CO;2

• Sánchez-Rodríguez, A., Aburto-Oropeza, O., Erisman, B., Jiménez-Esquivel, V.M., Hinojosa-Arango, G. (2015). Rocky Reefs: Preserving Biodiversity for the Benefit of the Communities in the Aquarium of the World. In: Narchi, N., Price, L. (eds) Ethnobiology of Corals and Coral Reefs. Ethnobiology. Springer, Cham.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23763-3_11

• Ulate, K., T. Alcoverro, R. Arthur, O. Aburto-Oropeza, C. Sánchez, and L. Huato-Soberanis. (2018). Conventional MPAs are not as effective as community co-managed areas in conserving top- down control in the Gulf of California. Biological Conservation 228 (2018): 100-109.

• Vergneau-Grosset, C., R. Boudreau, F. Favoretto, G. Beauchamp, AJ. Chicoine, C. Sánchez and M.Y. Doucet. (2022). Occurrence of Ulcerative Lesions in Sea Stars (Asteroidea) of the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico. The Journal of Wildlife Diseases 58, no. 1 2022: 215-221.

dataMares Metadatos
Última actualización:	04/01/2023
Título del Proyecto:	Monitoreo Ecológico en el Golfo de California y costa del Pacífico
Resumen:	Los datos ecológicos sobre peces e invertebrados se colectaron bajo el liderazgo del Centro para la Biodiversidad Marina y la Conservación A.C. (CBMC) como parte del programa de monitoreo ecológico de largo plazo del Programa Marino del Golfo de California. Este esfuerzo incluye a científicos y estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur in La Paz, BCS. El programa de monitoreo se ha implementado desde 1998 y ha resultado en la serie de tiempo más larga con datos del Golfo de California. La base de datos incluye información colectada en: Bahía de los Ángeles (2008, 2009, 2010, 2016), Región de las Grandes Islas (2008, 2009, 2010 and 2016) en Baja California; Santa Rosalia (2009, 2010, 2016, 2021, 2022), San Basilio (2019, 2021-2022), Loreto (1998-2019, 2021-2022), El Corredor (2013-2019), La Paz (1998-2019,2022), La Ventana (2013-2018), Cabo Pulmo (1999, 2009-2022), y Cabo San Lucas (1998-2000, 2009-2019, 2021-2022) en Baja California Sur; Islas Marías (2010, 2018), Bahia Banderas (2013), Nayarit; Revillagigedo (2006, 2016, 2017,2021), Colima; Ixtapa Zihuatanejo (2017), Guerrero; Huatulco (2016), Oaxaca. Esta base de datos incluye información de 216 especies de peces y 244 especies de invertebrados.
Key words:	monitoreo, peces, invertebrados, transectos, arrecifes rocosos
Lead investigator:	Ismael Mascareñas
Contact information:	ismael.mascarenas@gocmarineprogram.org
Data Manager:	Santiago Dominguez-Sanchez
Usage Rights & Copyrights:	Ismael Mascareñas Osorio, Octavio Aburto Oropeza, Carlos Sanchez Ortiz
How to cite:	Mascareñas-Osorio, Ismael; Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio; Sanchez Ortiz, Carlos (2018). Monitoreo ecológico de arrecifes en el Golfo de California y océano Pacífico. En dataMares: Ecological Monitoring. UC San Diego Library Digital Collections. https://doi.org/10.6075/J0KH0KJ3
Geographic Area:	Golfo de California, Pacífico Mexicano
Collection dates:	1998-2022
Embargo:
Primary data sofware or service:	Excel
Dataset name:	em_gc_ecological_monitoring
Methods:	Los datos se generan empleando metodologías estandarizadas adaptadas para el programa de monitoreo de largo plazo del Programa Marino del Golfo de California. Los buzos utilizan transectos como guia (peces=50m x 5m; invertebrados=30m x 1m) durante el monitoreo. Peces: Los transectos se colocan a 20m y 5m de profundidad. Si el sitio de monitoreo no cuenta con fondos rocosos más allá de los 5m de profundidad, esta es la única profundidad que se monitorea. Los peces se cuentan sobre el transecto contando primero los peces demeersales y, en la segunda vuelta, se cuentan los peces bentónicos y crípticos. El área monitoreada total es de 250m cuadrados. Las tallas de los peces también se registra y, junto con información de bibliografía, se utiliza para calcular la biomasa.Invertebrados: Los transectos se colocan a 5m y 20 m de profundidad y se registran las especies sobre el transecto. El buzo cuenta macroinvertebrados epibentónicos (mayores a 2cm) y anota la talla estimada.
Coordinate system:	WGS 1984
Additional Notes:


Nombre de Pestaña:	base
Campo	Descripción
Etiqueta	Peces o Invertebrados
Año	Año de muestreo
Mes	Mes de muestreo
Día	Día de muestreo
IDArrecife	Identificador de arrecife asociado a la tabla Arrecifes Reef
IDEspecie	Identificador de Especie asociado a la tabla de especies
Profundidad	Profundidad del transecto
Transecto	Número del transecto
Area	Área cubierta con el transecto
Talla	Talla de la especie registrada
Cantidad	Número de individuos de la especie registrada por un buzo
Año.Real	Año real del muestreo. Se refiere a muestreos realizados con retraso por razones climáticas (por ejemplo, huracanes); solo apllica a datos de febrero y marzo del 2015.

Nombre de Pestaña:	Arrecifes
Campo	Descripción
IDArrecife	Identificador del arrecife
Región	Región en donde se localiza el arrecife
Isla	Isla o estado mexicano donde se localiza el arrecife
Arrecife	Nombre del arrecife
Habitat	Tipo de hábitat
Latitud	Latitud con 6 decimales with 6 decimals
Longitud	Longitud con 6 decimales
CONCAT	Etiqueta que integra al arrecife y el hábitat

Nombre de Pestaña:	Especies
Campo	Descripción
IDEspecie	Identificador de la especie
Etiqueta	Pez o invertebrado
Especie	Nombre de la especie
Phylum	Phylum
Taxa1	Especificación taxonómica
Taxa2	Especificación taxonómica
Taxa3	Especificación taxonómica
Familia	Familia
GrupoTrofico	Grupo trófico al cual pertenece la especie (herbívoro, zooplanktívoro, carnívoro, depredador tope).
A_ord	dato origen para calcular peso a partir de talla
B_pen	dato de pendiente para convertir talla en peso
NivelTrofico	Lugar que ocupa la especie en la cadena trófica expresada en número y de acuerdo al alimento y tomado de fishbase

Recursos adicionales:	Rodriguez, A.S, Báez, M, Aburto-Oropeza, O., Arango, G., Masacareñas-Osorio, I., Erisman, B. (2014). Protocolo de Monitoreo: Para Ambientes Marinos Costeros. UC San Diego: Aburto Lab. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23f1404c
	Alfredo Giron-Nava, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Richness, density and biomass as measures of health. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M37P4Z
	Arturo Ramirez-Valdez, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza, Alfredo Giron-Nava (2014): Mexico’s reefs and underwater data. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M33W21
	Alfredo Giron-Nava, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Health Index. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3059H
	Alfredo Girón-Nava, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Riqueza específica, densidad y biomasa como indicadores de salud. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M38G6Z
	Arturo Ramírez-Valdez, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza, Alfredo Girón-Nava (2014): Arrecifes de México y los datos bajo el agua. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3201C
	Alfredo Girón-Nava, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza, Andrew F. Johnson (2014): Índice de Salud. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M35P4B
	José Cota-Nieto, Tomás Plomozo, Isaí Dominguez-Guerrero, Matthew Costa, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Snapper Habitat in Gulf of California Mangrove Forests. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3CC77
	José Cota-Nieto, Tomás Plomozo, Isaí Domínguez-Guerrero, Matthew Costa, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Hábitat de pargos en los bosques de manglar del Golfo de California. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M39G68
	Ismael Mascareñas Osorio, Alfredo Girón Nava, Amy Hudson Weaver, Benigno Guerrero, Carlos Sánchez y Octavio Aburto Oropeza (2015): Recovering fishery resources in the Gulf of California. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3D304
	Ismael Mascareñas Osorio, Alfredo Girón Nava, Amy Hudson Weaver, Benigno Guerrero, Carlos Sánchez y Octavio Aburto Oropeza (2015): Recuperando los recursos pesqueros del Golfo de California. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3S88


dataMares Metadata
Date of last update:	04/01/2023
Project title:	Long Term Ecological Monitoring of Gulf of California and Pacific coast
Abstract:	The ecological data of fish and invertebrates were collected under the leadership of the Centro para la Biodiversidad Marina y la Conservación, A.C. (CBMC) as part of Gulf of California Marine Program's long-term ecological monitoring program. This effort includes researchers and students from the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur in La Paz, BCS. This monitoring program has been implemented since 1998, making it the longest-running monitoring effort in the Gulf of California. The data included in this data base was collected in the Bahía de los Ángeles (2008, 2009, 2010, 2016), the Región de las Grandes Islas (2008, 2009, 2010 and 2016) in Baja California; Santa Rosalia (2009, 2010, 2016, 2021, 2022), San Basilio (2019, 2021-2022), Loreto (1998-2019, 2021-2022), El Corredor (2013-2019), La Paz (1998-2019,2022), La Ventana (2013-2018), Cabo Pulmo (1999, 2009-2022), and Cabo San Lucas (1998-2000, 2009-2019, 2021-2022) in Baja California Sur; Islas Marías (2010, 2018), Bahia Banderas (2013), Nayarit; Revillagigedo (2006, 2016, 2017,2021), Colima; Ixtapa Zihuatanejo (2017), Guerrero; Huatulco (2016), Oaxaca. There are 216 species of fish and 244 species of invertebrates included in this inventory.
Key words:	monitoring , fish, invertebrate, transects, rocky reefs
Lead investigator:	Ismael Mascareñas
Contact information:	ismael.mascarenas@gocmarineprogram.org
Data Manager:	Santiago Dominguez-Sanchez
Usage Rights & Copyrights:	Ismael Mascareñas Osorio, Octavio Aburto Oropeza, Carlos Sanchez Ortiz
How to cite:	Mascareñas-Osorio, Ismael; Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio; Sanchez Ortiz, Carlos (2018). Ecological monitoring in reefs of the Gulf of California and Pacific Ocean. In dataMares: Ecological Monitoring. UC San Diego Library Digital Collections. https://doi.org/10.6075/J0KH0KJ3
Geographic Area:	Gulf of California, Mexican Pacific
Collection dates:	1998-2022
Embargo:
Primary data sofware or service:	Excel
Dataset name:	em_gc_ecological_monitoring
Methods:	Data are collected using transect belt methods, using the standardized methodology of the Long-Term Ecological Monitoring Program designed by the Gulf of California Marine Program. Divers use SCUBA diving in rocky reefs and use linear transects (fish = 50m x 5m; invertebrates = 30m x 1m) as a guide. Fish: Transects were placed at 20 and 5 meters depth. If the sites monitored does not have a rocky bottom at more than 5 meters, only one depth is surveyed. Fishes are visually counted over a belt transect with a reference area of 50m x 5m: first swim over transect, larger demersal fishes are prioritized, whereas on the second swim the focus is on cryptic species. Therefore, the final estimation area is of 250 m squared. Fish sizes are also visually estimated, this measures is then combined to bibliographic data to estimate biomass.Invertebrates: Transects were placed at 20 and 5 meters depth. Invertebrates are visually counted over a belt transect with a reference area of 30m x 1m: one swim over transect counting epibenthic macroinvertebrates (larger than 2 cm) and recording estimated size.
Coordinate system:	WGS 1984
Additional Notes:


Tab name:	base
Fields	Description
Label	Fish or invertebrates
Year	Year of sampling
Month	Month of sampling
Day	Day of sampling
IDReef	Reef Id associated to table Reefs
IDSpecies	Species Id associated to table Species
Depth	Depth of transect
Transect	Number of transect
Area	Area covered by transect
Size	Size of the species recorded
Quantity	Number of individuals of the species recorded by diver
Real.year	Real year of sampling. Refers to a delayed monitoring due to environmental conditions (hurricane Odile); only applies to data from February and March, 2015 data.

Tab name:	Reefs
Fields	Description
IDReef	Reef Id
Region	Region where reef is located
Island	Island of the reef or Mexican state if it is on the continent
Reef	Name of the reef
Habitat	Type of habitat
Latitude	Latitude with 6 decimals
Longitude	Longitude with 6 decimals
CONCAT	Label that integrates reef and habitat

Tab name:	Species
Fields	Description
IDSpecies	Species Id
Label	Fish or invertebrates
Species	Name of the species
Phylum	Phylum
Taxa1	Diverse taxonomic specifications
Taxa2	Diverse taxonomic specifications
Taxa3	Diverse taxonomic specifications
Family	Family
TrophicGroup	Trophic groups the species belongs to (hervibores, zooplanktivores, carnivores, top predator).
A_ord	origin data to convert length in weight
B_pen	slope data to convert length in weight
TrophicLevel	Position in trophic chain in number for each species according to food items from fishbase

Related resources:	Rodriguez, A.S, Báez, M, Aburto-Oropeza, O., Arango, G., Masacareñas-Osorio, I., Erisman, B. (2014). Protocolo de Monitoreo: Para Ambientes Marinos Costeros. UC San Diego: Aburto Lab. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23f1404c
	Alfredo Giron-Nava, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Richness, density and biomass as measures of health. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M37P4Z
	Arturo Ramirez-Valdez, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza, Alfredo Giron-Nava (2014): Mexico’s reefs and underwater data. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M33W21
	Alfredo Giron-Nava, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Health Index. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3059H
	Alfredo Girón-Nava, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Riqueza específica, densidad y biomasa como indicadores de salud. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M38G6Z
	Arturo Ramírez-Valdez, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza, Alfredo Girón-Nava (2014): Arrecifes de México y los datos bajo el agua. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3201C
	Alfredo Girón-Nava, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza, Andrew F. Johnson (2014): Índice de Salud. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M35P4B
	José Cota-Nieto, Tomás Plomozo, Isaí Dominguez-Guerrero, Matthew Costa, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Snapper Habitat in Gulf of California Mangrove Forests. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3CC77
	José Cota-Nieto, Tomás Plomozo, Isaí Domínguez-Guerrero, Matthew Costa, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Hábitat de pargos en los bosques de manglar del Golfo de California. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M39G68
	Ismael Mascareñas Osorio, Alfredo Girón Nava, Amy Hudson Weaver, Benigno Guerrero, Carlos Sánchez y Octavio Aburto Oropeza (2015): Recovering fishery resources in the Gulf of California. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3D304
	Ismael Mascareñas Osorio, Alfredo Girón Nava, Amy Hudson Weaver, Benigno Guerrero, Carlos Sánchez y Octavio Aburto Oropeza (2015): Recuperando los recursos pesqueros del Golfo de California. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3S88

dataMares Metadatos

Última actualización:

04/01/2023

Título del Proyecto:

Monitoreo Ecológico en el Golfo de California y costa del Pacífico

Resumen:

Los datos ecológicos sobre peces e invertebrados se colectaron bajo el liderazgo del Centro para la Biodiversidad Marina y la Conservación A.C. (CBMC) como parte del programa de monitoreo ecológico de largo plazo del Programa Marino del Golfo de California. Este esfuerzo incluye a científicos y estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur in La Paz, BCS. El programa de monitoreo se ha implementado desde 1998 y ha resultado en la serie de tiempo más larga con datos del Golfo de California. La base de datos incluye información colectada en: Bahía de los Ángeles (2008, 2009, 2010, 2016), Región de las Grandes Islas (2008, 2009, 2010 and 2016) en Baja California; Santa Rosalia (2009, 2010, 2016, 2021, 2022), San Basilio (2019, 2021-2022), Loreto (1998-2019, 2021-2022), El Corredor (2013-2019), La Paz (1998-2019,2022), La Ventana (2013-2018), Cabo Pulmo (1999, 2009-2022), y Cabo San Lucas (1998-2000, 2009-2019, 2021-2022) en Baja California Sur; Islas Marías (2010, 2018), Bahia Banderas (2013), Nayarit; Revillagigedo (2006, 2016, 2017,2021), Colima; Ixtapa Zihuatanejo (2017), Guerrero; Huatulco (2016), Oaxaca. Esta base de datos incluye información de 216 especies de peces y 244 especies de invertebrados.

Key words:

monitoreo, peces, invertebrados, transectos, arrecifes rocosos

Lead investigator:

Ismael Mascareñas

Contact information:

ismael.mascarenas@gocmarineprogram.org

Data Manager:

Santiago Dominguez-Sanchez

Usage Rights & Copyrights:

Ismael Mascareñas Osorio, Octavio Aburto Oropeza, Carlos Sanchez Ortiz

How to cite:

Mascareñas-Osorio, Ismael; Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio; Sanchez Ortiz, Carlos (2018). Monitoreo ecológico de arrecifes en el Golfo de California y océano Pacífico. En dataMares: Ecological Monitoring. UC San Diego Library Digital Collections. https://doi.org/10.6075/J0KH0KJ3

Geographic Area:

Golfo de California, Pacífico Mexicano

Collection dates:

1998-2022

Embargo:

Primary data sofware or service:

Excel

Dataset name:

em_gc_ecological_monitoring

Methods:

Los datos se generan empleando metodologías estandarizadas adaptadas para el programa de monitoreo de largo plazo del Programa Marino del Golfo de California. Los buzos utilizan transectos como guia (peces=50m x 5m; invertebrados=30m x 1m) durante el monitoreo. Peces: Los transectos se colocan a 20m y 5m de profundidad. Si el sitio de monitoreo no cuenta con fondos rocosos más allá de los 5m de profundidad, esta es la única profundidad que se monitorea. Los peces se cuentan sobre el transecto contando primero los peces demeersales y, en la segunda vuelta, se cuentan los peces bentónicos y crípticos. El área monitoreada total es de 250m cuadrados. Las tallas de los peces también se registra y, junto con información de bibliografía, se utiliza para calcular la biomasa.Invertebrados: Los transectos se colocan a 5m y 20 m de profundidad y se registran las especies sobre el transecto. El buzo cuenta macroinvertebrados epibentónicos (mayores a 2cm) y anota la talla estimada.

Coordinate system:

WGS 1984

Additional Notes:

Nombre de Pestaña:

base

Campo

Descripción

Etiqueta

Peces o Invertebrados

Año

Año de muestreo

Mes

Mes de muestreo

Día

Día de muestreo

IDArrecife

Identificador de arrecife asociado a la tabla Arrecifes Reef

IDEspecie

Identificador de Especie asociado a la tabla de especies

Profundidad

Profundidad del transecto

Transecto

Número del transecto

Area

Área cubierta con el transecto

Talla

Talla de la especie registrada

Cantidad

Número de individuos de la especie registrada por un buzo

Año.Real

Año real del muestreo. Se refiere a muestreos realizados con retraso por razones climáticas (por ejemplo, huracanes); solo apllica a datos de febrero y marzo del 2015.

Nombre de Pestaña:

Arrecifes

Campo

Descripción

IDArrecife

Identificador del arrecife

Región

Región en donde se localiza el arrecife

Isla

Isla o estado mexicano donde se localiza el arrecife

Arrecife

Nombre del arrecife

Habitat

Tipo de hábitat

Latitud

Latitud con 6 decimales with 6 decimals

Longitud

Longitud con 6 decimales

CONCAT

Etiqueta que integra al arrecife y el hábitat

Nombre de Pestaña:

Especies

Campo

Descripción

IDEspecie

Identificador de la especie

Etiqueta

Pez o invertebrado

Especie

Nombre de la especie

Phylum

Taxa1

Especificación taxonómica

Taxa2

Especificación taxonómica

Taxa3

Especificación taxonómica

Familia

GrupoTrofico

Grupo trófico al cual pertenece la especie (herbívoro, zooplanktívoro, carnívoro, depredador tope).

A_ord

dato origen para calcular peso a partir de talla

B_pen

dato de pendiente para convertir talla en peso

NivelTrofico

Lugar que ocupa la especie en la cadena trófica expresada en número y de acuerdo al alimento y tomado de fishbase

Recursos adicionales:

Rodriguez, A.S, Báez, M, Aburto-Oropeza, O., Arango, G., Masacareñas-Osorio, I., Erisman, B. (2014). Protocolo de Monitoreo: Para Ambientes Marinos Costeros. UC San Diego: Aburto Lab. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/23f1404c

Alfredo Giron-Nava, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Richness, density and biomass as measures of health. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M37P4Z

Arturo Ramirez-Valdez, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza, Alfredo Giron-Nava (2014): Mexico’s reefs and underwater data. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M33W21

Alfredo Giron-Nava, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Health Index. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3059H

Alfredo Girón-Nava, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Riqueza específica, densidad y biomasa como indicadores de salud. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M38G6Z

Arturo Ramírez-Valdez, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza, Alfredo Girón-Nava (2014): Arrecifes de México y los datos bajo el agua. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3201C

Alfredo Girón-Nava, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza, Andrew F. Johnson (2014): Índice de Salud. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M35P4B

José Cota-Nieto, Tomás Plomozo, Isaí Dominguez-Guerrero, Matthew Costa, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Snapper Habitat in Gulf of California Mangrove Forests. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3CC77

José Cota-Nieto, Tomás Plomozo, Isaí Domínguez-Guerrero, Matthew Costa, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Hábitat de pargos en los bosques de manglar del Golfo de California. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M39G68

Ismael Mascareñas Osorio, Alfredo Girón Nava, Amy Hudson Weaver, Benigno Guerrero, Carlos Sánchez y Octavio Aburto Oropeza (2015): Recovering fishery resources in the Gulf of California. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3D304

Ismael Mascareñas Osorio, Alfredo Girón Nava, Amy Hudson Weaver, Benigno Guerrero, Carlos Sánchez y Octavio Aburto Oropeza (2015): Recuperando los recursos pesqueros del Golfo de California. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3S88

dataMares Metadata

Date of last update:

04/01/2023

Project title:

Long Term Ecological Monitoring of Gulf of California and Pacific coast

Abstract:

The ecological data of fish and invertebrates were collected under the leadership of the Centro para la Biodiversidad Marina y la Conservación, A.C. (CBMC) as part of Gulf of California Marine Program's long-term ecological monitoring program. This effort includes researchers and students from the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur in La Paz, BCS. This monitoring program has been implemented since 1998, making it the longest-running monitoring effort in the Gulf of California. The data included in this data base was collected in the Bahía de los Ángeles (2008, 2009, 2010, 2016), the Región de las Grandes Islas (2008, 2009, 2010 and 2016) in Baja California; Santa Rosalia (2009, 2010, 2016, 2021, 2022), San Basilio (2019, 2021-2022), Loreto (1998-2019, 2021-2022), El Corredor (2013-2019), La Paz (1998-2019,2022), La Ventana (2013-2018), Cabo Pulmo (1999, 2009-2022), and Cabo San Lucas (1998-2000, 2009-2019, 2021-2022) in Baja California Sur; Islas Marías (2010, 2018), Bahia Banderas (2013), Nayarit; Revillagigedo (2006, 2016, 2017,2021), Colima; Ixtapa Zihuatanejo (2017), Guerrero; Huatulco (2016), Oaxaca. There are 216 species of fish and 244 species of invertebrates included in this inventory.

Key words:

monitoring , fish, invertebrate, transects, rocky reefs

Lead investigator:

Ismael Mascareñas

Contact information:

ismael.mascarenas@gocmarineprogram.org

Data Manager:

Santiago Dominguez-Sanchez

Usage Rights & Copyrights:

Ismael Mascareñas Osorio, Octavio Aburto Oropeza, Carlos Sanchez Ortiz

How to cite:

Mascareñas-Osorio, Ismael; Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio; Sanchez Ortiz, Carlos (2018). Ecological monitoring in reefs of the Gulf of California and Pacific Ocean. In dataMares: Ecological Monitoring. UC San Diego Library Digital Collections. https://doi.org/10.6075/J0KH0KJ3

Geographic Area:

Gulf of California, Mexican Pacific

Collection dates:

1998-2022

Embargo:

Primary data sofware or service:

Excel

Dataset name:

em_gc_ecological_monitoring

Methods:

Data are collected using transect belt methods, using the standardized methodology of the Long-Term Ecological Monitoring Program designed by the Gulf of California Marine Program. Divers use SCUBA diving in rocky reefs and use linear transects (fish = 50m x 5m; invertebrates = 30m x 1m) as a guide. Fish: Transects were placed at 20 and 5 meters depth. If the sites monitored does not have a rocky bottom at more than 5 meters, only one depth is surveyed. Fishes are visually counted over a belt transect with a reference area of 50m x 5m: first swim over transect, larger demersal fishes are prioritized, whereas on the second swim the focus is on cryptic species. Therefore, the final estimation area is of 250 m squared. Fish sizes are also visually estimated, this measures is then combined to bibliographic data to estimate biomass.Invertebrates: Transects were placed at 20 and 5 meters depth. Invertebrates are visually counted over a belt transect with a reference area of 30m x 1m: one swim over transect counting epibenthic macroinvertebrates (larger than 2 cm) and recording estimated size.

Coordinate system:

WGS 1984

Additional Notes:

Tab name:

base

Fields

Description

Label

Fish or invertebrates

Year

Year of sampling

Month

Month of sampling

Day

Day of sampling

IDReef

Reef Id associated to table Reefs

IDSpecies

Species Id associated to table Species

Depth

Depth of transect

Transect

Number of transect

Area

Area covered by transect

Size

Size of the species recorded

Quantity

Number of individuals of the species recorded by diver

Real.year

Real year of sampling. Refers to a delayed monitoring due to environmental conditions (hurricane Odile); only applies to data from February and March, 2015 data.

Tab name:

Reefs

Fields

Description

IDReef

Reef Id

Region

Region where reef is located

Island

Island of the reef or Mexican state if it is on the continent

Reef

Name of the reef

Habitat

Type of habitat

Latitude

Latitude with 6 decimals

Longitude

Longitude with 6 decimals

CONCAT

Label that integrates reef and habitat

Tab name:

Species

Fields

Description

IDSpecies

Species Id

Label

Fish or invertebrates

Species

Name of the species

Phylum

Taxa1

Diverse taxonomic specifications

Taxa2

Diverse taxonomic specifications

Taxa3

Diverse taxonomic specifications

Family

TrophicGroup

Trophic groups the species belongs to (hervibores, zooplanktivores, carnivores, top predator).

A_ord

origin data to convert length in weight

B_pen

slope data to convert length in weight

TrophicLevel

Position in trophic chain in number for each species according to food items from fishbase

Related resources:

Alfredo Giron-Nava, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Richness, density and biomass as measures of health. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M37P4Z

Arturo Ramirez-Valdez, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza, Alfredo Giron-Nava (2014): Mexico’s reefs and underwater data. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M33W21

Alfredo Giron-Nava, Andrew F. Johnson, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza (2014): Health Index. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M3059H

Alfredo Girón-Nava, Octavio Aburto-Oropeza, Andrew F. Johnson (2014): Índice de Salud. DataMares. InteractiveResource. http://dx.doi.org/10.13022/M35P4B

Scientists are generating data to support resource management and improve public policy designed to protect rocky reefs to ensure a sustainable future for these ecosystems.

Climate change has catalyzed a series of environmental changes in the ocean which include changes in species’ distribution and abundance, increases in water temperature, frequency of storms, among others.

Data generated by Gulf of California Marine Program collaborators is improving our understanding of how rocky reefs function as we search for solutions to the environmental challenges we are facing.

TIMELINE

1998

The first Rocky Reef Monitoring campaign was launched under the leadership of Scripps Institution of Oceanography and with the collaboration of the UABCS.

2002

An evaluation of rocky reefs in the Gulf of California is carried out and a proposal to create a network of 13 marine reserves is published.

2006

Researchers travel to the Revillagigedo Islands on board the Nautilus Explorer to monitor the reefs and establish an ecological baseline for the archipelago.

2009

Cientists estimate that fish biomas in Cabo Pulmo National Park increased 463% in 10 years.

2010

The CBMC, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC Riverside and UABCS travelled to Islas Marías on board the Rocío del Mar from November 13-23.

2011

A list of 70 conspicuous reef fish species observed at 15 sites in Bahía de los Ángeles from 2008 to 2010 is presented.

2014

The GCMP published the monitoring protocol used by scientists to study rocky reefs.

2014

The GCMP launched dataMares to promote open access data, generated through the monitoring program.

2016

Under the leadership of the CBMC, scientists travelled to Revillagigedo to monitor reefs from March 30 to April 8.

2017

After visiting the Revillagigedo islands on the Sea Hunter, a multinational team of scientists published a report that supported a change in category for this MPA to National Park.

2018

CBMC and Scripps Institution of Oceanography scientists visit Islas Marías once again to monitor the reefs.

2019

The CBMC, SIO, Pristine Seas, Mares Mexicanos, ECOSUR, UADY and the Universidad Veracruzana visited Arrecife Alacranes on the Caribbean Kraken from August 7-11.

2019

Data is handed over to PN Bahía de Loreto (CONANP), and the CBMC participates in the review process of the management program.

2020

Restrictions associated to the COVID-19 pandemic limits scientific work. Monitoring was only conducted at Cabo Pulmo National Park.

2020

CBMC delivers data collected at PN Arrecife Alacranes and Bajos del Norte to CONANP.

2020

An analysis comparing reef biomass in Alacranes and Bajos del Norte is published, showing that geographic isolation is not sufficient to maintain healthy biomass levels.

2021

Three new species of the genus Leptogorgia are described in the Gulf of California.

2021

Data is handed over to RB Islas Marías (CONANP), and CBMC participates in the management program’s review process.

2021

Data is handed over to RB Islas Marías (CONANP), and CBMC participates in the management program’s review process.

2021

The CBMC coordinated a research team with scientists from Scripps Institution of Oceanography and UNAM’s Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICMyL) during a monitoring trip to Banco Chinchorro from June 28 through July 8.

2022

CBMC conducted monitoring in 76 sites between September and October.

2022

A scientific publication shows the effect of tropicalization on rocky reefs in the Gulf of California.

2023

To celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the reef monitoring program, scientists and photographers recreated the original scientific campaign aboard the Quino El Guardián.

NUMERALIA:

RECORDS INTHE DATABASE

NÚMERO DEREGISTROS

SPECIESRECORDED

NÚMERODE ESPECIES

ORGANISMS COUNTEDAND MEASURED

NÚMERO DE INDIVIDUOSCONTADOS Y MEDIDOS

TRANSECTSCOMPLETED

NÚMERO DETRANSECTOS

HOURS SPENTUNDERWATER

NÚMERO DE HORASBAJO EL AGUA

REGION 1

GRANDES ISLAS

REGION 2

SANTA ROSALÍA-BAHÍA CONCEPCIÓN

REGION 3

SAN BASILIO-LORETO-CORREDOR

REGION 4

LA PAZ-LA VENTANA

REGION 5

CABO PULMO-CABO SAN LUCAS

REGION 6

ISLAS MARÍAS-BAHÍA BANDERAS

REGION 7

REVILLAGIGEDO

REGION 8

IXTAPA-HUATULCO

REGION 9

ALACRANES-BAJOS DEL NORTE

GRANDES ISLAS

RECORDS IN
THE DATABASE

NÚMERO DE
REGISTROS

SPECIES
RECORDED

NÚMERO
DE ESPECIES

ORGANISMS COUNTED
AND MEASURED

NÚMERO DE INDIVIDUOS
CONTADOS Y MEDIDOS

TRANSECTS
COMPLETED

NÚMERO DE
TRANSECTOS

HOURS SPENT
UNDERWATER

NÚMERO DE HORAS
BAJO EL AGUA

INVERTEBRATES
AND FISHES